Judicial System In India.
The Indian Judiciary is partly a continuation of the British legal system established by the English in the mid-19th century based on a typical hybrid legal system in which customs and legislative law have validity of law. There are various levels of judiciary in India – different types of courts, each with varying powers depending on the tier and jurisdiction bestowed upon them. The Indian judiciary is independent of the executive and legislative branches government according to the Constitution.
Composition of Supreme Court.
The Constitution originally provided for 1 Chief Justice Of India and not more than 6 other judges. The Constitution authorises the Parliament to provide by law fixing the Strength of the Supreme Court. The Parliament passed the Supreme Court ( Number of Judges) thus accordingly, a Constitutional Amendment Act in 2008 has increased the Strength of Supreme Court to 31 (1 chief justice + 30 other judges).
Qualification to be a judge of Supreme Court.
• A person must be a citizen of India.
• He/She must have been, for at least 5 years, a Judge of a High Court or of two or more such courts in succession.
• Or an Advocate of a High Court or of two or more such courts in succession for at least 10 years.
• Or the person must be, in the opinion of the President, a distinguished jurist.
Appointment of Judges of Supreme Court.
While appointing the chief justice of India the President may consult such judges of the Supreme Court or High Courts as he deems considers it necessary.
Jurisdiction and Powers of Supreme Court.
The jurisdiction and powers of the Supreme Court can be classified into the following:
1. Original Jurisdiction : As a federal court, the Supreme court decides the disputes between different units of the Indian Federation.
(a) The centre and one or more states.
(b) The centre and any state or states on one side and one or more states on the other
(c) Between two or more states.
2. Writ Jurisdiction : The Supreme Court is empowered to issue writs including habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition for the enforcement of the fundamental rights of an aggrieved citizen.
3. Appellate Jurisdiction : It enjoys a wide appellate jurisdiction on
(a) Appeals in constitutional matters.
(b) Appeals In criminal matters
(c) Appeals in civil matters
(d) Appeals by special leave.
4. Advisory Jurisdiction : The Constitution (Article 143) authorises the president to seek the opinion of the Supreme court in the two categories of matter :
(a) On any question of law or fact of public importance which has arisen or which is likely to arise.
(b) On any dispute arising out of any pre-constitution treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement.
5. A Court of Record : The judgments, proceedings and Acts of the Supreme Court are recorded for perpetual memory and testimony.
6. Power of Judicial Review : Judicial review is the power of the Supreme Court to examine the constitutionally legislative enactments and executive orders of both the Central and state governments.
High Courts.
There are 24 High Courts at the state level. Constitution of India mandates that they are bound by the judgments and orders of the Supreme Court . These courts have jurisdiction over a state, a union territory or a group of states and Union territories. Below the High Courts are a hierarchy of subordinate courts such as the civil courts, family courts, criminal courts and various other district courts. High courts are Instituted as constitutional courts under Article 214 of the Constitution.
District Courts of India .
The District Courts of India are established by the State Governments in India for every district or for one or more districts together taking into account the number of cases, population distribution in the district. They administer justice in India at a district level.
Food Borne Disease
Food Borne Disease
Food Borne Disease Essay, Speech, Article : Food born disease or food borne illness, often called food poisoning is caused because of some toxic agents present in food items. These toxic agents are not present in all foods but in spoiled, old, unhygienic food items. Food is contaminated due to bacteria, viruses, fungi and some other microorganisms which badly effect human health. Bacteria and some other microorganisms need favorable conditions for their growth and reproduction. When, enough moisture, optimum temperature and nutrients available for bacteria and fungi, they start growing and spoil the food items. This is not the case with all food items because some type of foods can last for long time without any spoilage. But most of the times, bacteria and other microorganisms find their way to contaminate food items because these organisms are present everywhere.
The agents which are responsible for different food borne diseases are called “food borne pathogens”. Food borne diseases include, diarrhea, cholera, typhoid, pneumonia, yellow fever, hepatitis A, B, C, different allergies etc. These problems are mainly due to the contamination of food products. These problems are a growing threat to human being because they are responsible for causing many life threatening diseases. Sometimes, contaminants are also present in the form of mutagens which can cause serious mutations. Metallic contaminants are also the reason of many food borne diseases. For example, accumulation of mercury can cause cancer.
WHO (world health organization) has issued some safety measurements to prevent food borne diseases. WHO is working to reduce the food contaminations, therefore it uses to organize different conferences and seminars to create awareness about food borne illnesses and its causes. WHO tries to guide about food safety from farm to plate. Children, who have weak immune system, are at the higher risk of food borne illness, so it is the duty of their parents to make sure that they are providing safe food to their young ones.
It is our duty to save our world and prevent our food from contamination. Human activities are also responsible for many food borne diseases e.g. many people don’t care about hygienic conditions during cooking. So, cook food properly to kill pathogens and keep your area clean. Cleanliness is the best way to prevent food borne diseases.
Protected: How Does it Feel to Wake Up Like a Giant?
A Visit To A Fair : Brief Report , Article , Essay , Cue Card
A Visit To A Fair : Brief Report , Article , Essay , Cue Card
Essay on Visit to a Fair
A Visit To A Fair : Fairs, fiestas and carnivals are very widespread in India. Fairs let the people gather to have a cheerful time, mask differences if any and form better accepting among each other. Several fairs last for a few days. In such fairs short-term bazaars and stalls are arranged.
Brief Report on Visit to a Fair
Previous Sunday I and a couple of my buddies decided to visit a fair held in a close by village. We reached the fair around 10 AM. We had an adequate amount of time, so there was no need to speed up. Foremost we went to the temple, worshipped the goddess Durga, and then we were offered prashad and finally left for sightseeing.
The authentic fair was a place full of pomp and solemnity. There were many shops of all-purpose items, playthings and sweets all ornamented nicely and had an alluring attraction for people belonging to all age groups. We witnessed a huge crowd at more or less every shop. Men, women and kids in their flashy dresses, looked very eventful. There was a large crowd on the exterior side of the temple entry. People were standing in a line and waiting for their turn with an earnest aspiration to have a glance of Goddess Durga.
There was hustle and bustle all over the place. All were having a great time in the fair in their personal approach. Freshly wedded brides were spotted busy in buying glowing bangles of different colors and sizes from the bangle-selling stalls. The ladies also made a lot of acquisition in the cosmetics section.
Mature ladies were not less busy either. They were buying articles of household function. There were marketers as well at several places, all screeching in different pitches to trade their goods. We were entertained by their tones and gesticulations.
The whirling and spinning merry-go-rounds with furious sounds were also a centre of desirability particularly for the little kids. They were having a great time riding on them. People were dancing to the beats of drums. Their folk dance was deserved to be witnessed and we gazed at it with a great pleasure.
There were snake-charmers, jugglers, magicians, conjurers and many performers as well. The rope dancers were also busy in their special actions. We also spotted some fore-tellers in one of the corners. I too wished to go there and know my upcoming. But soon an inside voice forbidden me from doing so and I along with my friends moved on. I considered I must not believe in destiny but in toil and hard work which itself can fetch all the success in life.
The entire fair was full of bustle. There were some helpers and scouts who were serving the people in different ways. Some were controlling the traffic; some were offering water to the thirsty, while others were occupied in bringing back the misplaced children to their parents. There was a fine police arrangement to uphold law and order.
Conclusion On Visit To A Fair
In the twilight the fair came to a conclusion. People commenced to return to their home. We also came back with a pleasant feeling and some memories to cherish for life. The fair was, undoubtedly, an excellent source of knowledge about the varied lifestyle in our country and we must visit it time to time.
Questions
- Brief Report on A Visit To A Fair
- Article on A Visit To A Fair
- Essay on A Visit To A Fair
- Cue Card Topic : A Visit To A Fair
- IELTS Speaking Topic : A Visit To A Fair
Narendra Modi Essay, Speech, Article, Composition, Short Note (My Favourite Politician)
Narendra Modi – The Best Prime Minister of India | My Favorite Politician | Prime Minister Of India Speech
Alma mater: University of Delhi; Gujarat University
Political party: Bharatiya Janata Party
Religion: Hinduism
Nationality: Indian
Profile of Narendra Modi
| 14th Prime Minister of India | |
|---|---|
|
Incumbent
|
|
| Assumed office 26 May 2014 |
|
| President | Pranab Mukherjee |
| Preceded by | Manmohan Singh |
| 14th Chief Minister of Gujarat | |
| In-office 7 October 2001 – 22 May 2014 |
|
| Governor |
|
| Preceded by | Keshubhai Patel |
| Succeeded by | Anandiben Patel |
| Member of the Indian Parliament for Varanasi | |
|
Incumbent
|
|
| Assumed office 16 May 2014 |
|
| Preceded by | Murli Manohar Joshi |
| Member of the Gujarat Legislative Assembly for Maninagar | |
| In-office 1 January 2002 – 16 May 2014 |
|
| Preceded by | Kamlesh Patel |
| Succeeded by | Suresh Patel |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Narendra Damodardas Modi 17 September 1950 Vadnagar, Bombay State(presently Gujarat), India |
| Political party | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| Spouse(s) | Jashodaben Modi (m. 1968)(estranged) |
| Residence | 7, Lok Kalyan Marg, New Delhi |
| Alma mater |
|
| Religion | Hinduism |
| Signature |  |
| Website | |
Biography of Narendra Modi
Narendra Modi / Narendra Damodardas Modi is the 15th and current Prime Minister of India, in office since 26 May 2014. Modi, a leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), was the Chief Minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014 and is the Member of Parliament (MP) from Varanasi. He led the BJP in the 2014 general election, which gave the party a majority in the Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Indian parliament) – a first for any party since 1984 – and was credited for October 2014 BJP electoral victories in the states of Haryana and Maharashtra.
Profile Of Narendra Modi
Modi was born on 17 September 1950 to a family of grocers in Vadnagar, Mehsana district, Modi was raised in a small town in northern Gujarat, and he completed an M.A. degree in political science from Gujarat University in Ahmadabad. He was the third of six children born to Damodardas Mulchand and Heeraben Modi. As a child, Modi helped his father sell tea at the Vadnagar railway station and later ran a tea stall with his brother near a bus terminus. He completed his higher secondary education in Vadnagar in 1967.
Journey From Tea Vendor to Prime Minister of India
How Narendra Modi Became a Politician?
He joined the pro-Hindu Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) organization in the early 1970s and set up a unit of the RSS’s students’ wing, the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad, in his area. Modi rose steadily in the RSS hierarchy, and his association with the organization significantly benefited his subsequent political career.
Narendra Modi – A Political Leader Who Had Admired Me
He became CM of Gujarat state and just make all happy and do many successful programmers and helped people so that people believe him. He is a very hard-working man he always wakes up at 4 and does yoga so he has not forgotten his culture. He also do all his meetings and gives Narendra Modi Speech and never looks tired he does his job very well. The other countries also invite him and also wanted to work with him. He boosted up our tourism and our relation with other nation as well. Narendra Modi Speech is generally too awesome on the occasion of national festivals.
Why Narendra Modi is My Favorite Politician?
Modi has given many jobs to unemployed people in India. And now he is willing to make India advance by making internet everywhere available for that he willingly wanted to work with Google and Facebook. He also uses Twitter which is a strong medium to connect with people. He also encourages all the sportspersons as well as soldiers. He spends almost all festivals with the Indian army.
He set an example that anyone can do anything only it requires strong willpower. And he is the best example of it. He started his journey as the son of a tea seller and now he has become the prime minister of the country. He loves his mother so much and always goes and bows down to his mother.
Campaigns By Modi
Modi also has helped many poor farmers and other poor people in India he has almost eliminated the water problem in India also he is very good at constructing the infrastructure of India. Now he has started the “Make in India” program. In which he allow us to make things in India not to use foreign products so that we will benefit and India become one of the greatest countries .he says that if you put one step ahead and think 125 million feet when stepping forward then no one can stop us from progressing. Thus Narendra Modi is My Favourite Politician.
He is the greatest son that mother India has.
Biography Of Narendra Modi
Short Profile of Narendra Modi
- Narendra Modi was Born on September 17, 1950, at Vadnagar
- Narendra Modi’s wife: Jashodaben Modi (married in 1968)
- Political Party: Bharatiya Janata Party
- Education: Gujarat University (1983), University of Delhi (1978)
- Narendra Modi’s Parents: Heeraben Modi, Damodardas Mulchand Modi
- Siblings: Soma Modi, Pankaj Modi, Prahlad Modi
Narendra Modi Speech on Independence Day
Questions :
IELTS Que Cards
- Describe A Political Leader Who Had Admired Me
- Describe A Politician or Leader Who Had Admired You
- A Political Leader Who Had Admired Me
- India’s Most Admired and Most Feared Politician
- The Leader you admire the most?
- Who are the world’s best leaders?
- Describe a famous person in your country
- Describe an honest leader or politician in your country
- Describe a well-known person in your country
- Describe a person who has a great contribution to your city
- Describe an ideal leader in your country
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