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History of Ancient India

History of Ancient India

History of Ancient India began with the Indus civilization and the arrival of the Aryans. These two stages are usually known as the Pre-Vedic and Vedic period. The first Veda is the org which tells about the past of India and is the earliest source of information. According to the ambiguous and vague astronomical information is likely to be composed around 1500 BC-1000 BC.

history of ancient india — History of Ancient India

Ashoka’s Period

In the fifth century, the majority of India was under the rule of Ashoka. The sixth Century B.C. was a period of immense turmoil in India. The empire of Magadha, one of the sixteen grand Janapadas had become supreme over other kingdoms of the Ganges Valley. This period also saw the emergence of a variety of deviating sections in India. This was the time when Buddhism and Jainism come forward as popular protestant movements as a serious challenge to the Brahmanic prevailing attitude.

Ashoka was one of the most commanding kings of the Indian subcontinent. A head of the Mauryan Empire, Ashoka ruled over the country from 273 BC to 232 BC. The reign of Emperor Ashoka sheltered most of India, South Asia and beyond, stretching from present day Afghanistan and parts of Persia in the west, to Bengal and Assam in the east, and Mysore in the south.

Mauryan Period

This period was pursued by the Mauryas out of which the most renowned was Ashoka the Great. But his eminence rests not so much on military conquests as on his celebrated abandonment of war.

Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Maurya Empire in India. He is recognized for bringing together the minute fragmented kingdoms of the country and combining them into a single large empire. As per the Greek and Latin accounts, King Chandragupta Maurya is known as Sandracottos or Andracottus. The great economist of the world “Chanakya” had given their tips about economics in this period.

Guptas’ Period

For the next four hundred years (after the great Mauryas), India remained politically separated and feeble. It was constantly raided and plundered by foreigners. Steadiness was refurbished by the Guptas. The Gupta age was the period of tranquility and opulence and witnessed an extraordinary blossoming of art, literature and the sciences. This period also saw the foundation of Hindu temple architecture.

Harshavardhana’s Period

After the Guptas there was serenity, in the era of Harshavardhana of Kannauj. A Chinese traveler, Hsuen-tsang visited India from 629 – 645 A.D. during the reign of Harshavardhana. His account gives us a chance to make a note of the changes that had taken place in the lives of the Indian people since the rule of the Guptas.

Harshavardhana was an Indian Emperor, who ruled over the northern parts of India for a period of more than forty years. His empire was spread over the states of Punjab, Bengal, Orissa and the entire Indo-Gangetic plain, lying to the north of the Narmada River.

Each epoch is matchless in its unique culture. In the same way Indian art forms have endlessly progressed over thousands of years. In ancient India, a range of art forms like paintings, architecture and sculpture evolved. The history of art in ancient India set in motion with prehistoric rock paintings.

India and its neighboring countries are so similar in culture and climatic conditions that the region is on occasionally called the Indian sub-continent. In ancient times the geography of India was a slight different than what it is these days. In the northern part of India stand the Himalayan Mountains and the Hindu Kush stand in the North West.

In the Vedic age people did not have a settled life and were nomads but with development in agriculture people started to settle down in groups. The organization was mostly tribal and the head of the tribe was supposed to be the raja or the King.

The predominant religion in ancient India was Hinduism. The ancestry of Hindu religion can be traced back to the Vedic period. Hinduism is believed to be the oldest of foremost religions and initiated in northern India.According to Greek philosophers slavery did not exist in ancient India.

Aryabhatta’s Inventions

Aryabhatta, the great astronomer and scientist, discovered zero. The Indus valley civilization was one of the most advance civilizations in provisions of town planning etc.

Read More about Aryabhatta : Biography of Aryabhatta

Indus Valley Civilization

Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient civilization that flourished in the Indus and Ghaggar-Hakra river valleys, now in Pakistan, along with the northwestern parts of India, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. The civilization, which is also known as Harappan Civilization, lasted from 3300 BC to 1700 BC. The discovery of the Ancient Indus River Valley Civilization was made, when the Harappan city, the first city of Indus Valley, was excavated.

Read Also : History of India – Cave to Home

Vedic Period

The Vedic Period or the Vedic Age refers to that time period when the Vedic Sanskrit texts were composed in India. The social order that flourished during that time is known as the Vedic Period, or the Vedic Age, Civilization. The Vedic Civilization flourished between the 1500 BC and 500 BC on the Indo-Gangetic Plains of the Indian subcontinent.

The Vedic period spotted the end of the history of ancient India and thus the commencement of the Incredible India .

Questions on History of ancient India :

Outline of ancient India
Ancient India History
Ancient Civilizations for Kids
Ancient India From the Indus Valley Civilisation to Mughal Imperialism
When did ancient India begin and end?
What is the history of India?
Who all invaded India?
What is ancient India?
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Revisiting the history of ancient India

Food Security : Essay, Article, Speech, Paragraph, Composition

Food Security : Essay, Article, Speech, Paragraph, Composition

Food security means the situation in which people of all backgrounds at all times have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dieter needs and food preferences for an active and healthy lifestyle.When it comes to the issue of food security in India, it is important because more than one third of the population is poor and children are malnourished according to some statistics. India have varying climatic and economic conditions all over the country. Therefore the matter of food security have to be taken into account very properly and with a proper plan. There are four main dimensions of food security: Availability, Access, utilization, stability.

The first step towards food security is to make proper and sufficient availability of food to meet the demands of the population. Food have to be sufficiently available for distribution to the public. Now there are many challenges against the availability of food grains in India. First of all farming is becoming a non viable occupation. Due to increase in population, agrarian areas are occupied for housing and other activities. Further scope for increase in net sown area is limited. Environmental conditions like depletion in soil fertility, erosion and water logging also creates hindrance in smooth running of the agricultural activities. Decline in surface irrigation rate and decrease in level of ground water by overuse are also one of the factors for decreased productivity. There is a great disparity in production of crops between rain fed and irrigated areas. Farm sizes are shrinking too. So first of all it is important that the agricultural sector is taken into account seriously. Developing this sector is the backbone of the country . Most of people involved in agriculture, unless they are helped by the government to be gainfully working, the economic conditions will not improve. Distribution of proper high yielding varieties of seeds, proper assistance in fertilizers and manure usage, improving the handling of harvested crops and storing them in safe and dry place will ensure proper availability till a great extent. The green revolution and yellow revolution were two such schemes taken by the government to ensure food security. The cost of food grains per quint should be improved too so that the farmers do not give up their occupation to do something easier and also to earn more money. Buffer stocks must be build up by the government more to provide food security.

[box type=”shadow” align=”” class=”” width=””]Essay on Food Security in India | Paragraph on Food Security in India | Short Note on Food Security in India | Need For Food Security in India[/box]

Now when it comes to making those food grains available, its the duty of public distribution systems. They should be setup more in number by also keeping in mind that those stocks are not leaked unscrupulously. Till now we talked about only food grains like rice and wheat. Pulses , vegetables and fruits are also a thing that gets included when discussing food security. Perishable food like tomatoes and all can be gainfully processed into sauces. Actually food processing industries should also be an initiative to be taken into account. Food factories provide employment both upstream and downstream. That is; both traders and farmers are benefited and in the factory the workers are also getting chance to be employed.There is sometimes surplus of production of those perishable items. So, even after meeting demands in the market, the rest gets wasted. And moreover poor people who cannot afford them without money, don’t get them for free also. Those could have been successfully processed into some packed food and preserved. Those could have been sold to other parts also. It is not surprising that the system of food production till that food reaches our plates is very cumbersome. Stores have surplus stock lying unused and degrading while so much of the population is malnourished. So first of all public distribution systems must be increased and there must be measures to check corruption in illegal selling of those stock at other markets. Farmers must be given chance to profit more by delivering proper yield . Seasonal unavailability of food must be checked by releasing food grains from government buffer stock . And safe transportation must be ensured when transporting food grains from one places to another. Prices must be in control and proper subsidies must be provided to the poor.

Essay on Food Security in India
Paragraph on Food Security in India
Short Note on Food Security in India
Need For Food Security in India
Importance of Food Security

Corruption and How to Stop Corruption ? Article , Essay

Corruption and How to Stop Corruption ? Article , Essay

What Is Corruption ?

Corruption is a social malice that can be seen anywhere and is like an ailing tumour in public life. It is so common that people are in a state of living with it. The existence of corruption can be traced back to the ancient and medieval times. The advent of British rule in India gave new wings to this social evil, especially with the establishment of British East India Company.

Corruption problem — Corruption problem in India

Expositions of Corruption

Exploitation, scams, bribes, unethical malpractices are all expositions of corruption. Corruption’s one of the adverse effect is the generation or flow of black money in the economy. The crux is that nobody is free from corruption, not even the poor man, he wants it or not he is compelled to be a part of the system, he is forced to give bribes at every step, or else he would be stuck in cues for the rest of all his life. Misuse of power and authority, exploitation of public property for personal gains lead to corruption. Like charity, corruption too begins at home. Parents bait their children to get things done, corruption is not only limited to politics, but in every field. IPL’s spot fixing and betting is a recent example of corruption in cricket.

Corruption is directly proportional to greed, greed for power, money, etc. Greed corrupts our values and ethics. Tolerance of people towards corruption, lack of powerful outcry against it further paves way for corruption. During elections, big business tycoons fund and sponsor the politicians to meet campaigning expenditures so that their personal favours are met.

Adverse Effect of Corruption

Due to corruption, deserving candidates don’t get jobs, old retired people face harassments for pensions, undeserving students get highest of educational degrees, and many more. Recently, we can see the Bihar student, whose father by bribing managed to top his daughter, who while investigations could not even name her subjects. Many doctors have been caught in the past who have faked their degrees.

How to Prevent Corruption ?

It is useless to write about a number of steps Govt should take up to fight corruption, as Govt itself is filled with corruption so deep that it has reached its roots. Corruption cannot be dealt with unless and until there is a moral awakening among people. People have to understand the serious consequences of this evil and feel how common people and poor people fall prey to it. Big industrialists should stop being greedy and stop misusing their wealth and authority and act on fair and rational basis. Only improving country’s economic condition is not enough to combat corruption as rich people are more corrupt than the mediocre. Common people who try to fight corruption either face transfers or lose their precious lives. There is an urgent need to inculcate in every individual, the sense of responsibility to stop engaging in any unfair and corrupt practices.

Government officials should give the power to the public to report immediate corruptions they face in their daily lives and act on it within days. Ending corruption would lead to equal distribution of wealth and resources among all and lead to a healthy society to live in.

Read Also : Corruption Problem In India Essay , Article , Speech

Questions :

Essay on Corruption problem
Corruption in government system
Speech on Corruption problem
Paragraph on Corruption problem
Short Note on Corruption
Essay on Corruption
Speech on Corruption
Paragraph on Corruption
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Solar Energy System: Here’s How it Works

Have you only thought of the sun to be a source of heat and light for the earth? If yes, you might not know much about the importance of solar energy to generate electricity. With significant advancements in solar technology, you can now use a solar energy system as a viable solution to get alternative energy for your home. With the introduction of solar devices in mainstream energy markets, many people ask– “How does a solar energy system work?”

If you want to utilize solar power as an alternative energy source in your home, it is crucial to know how solar devices work. This will help you choose the right solar package based on your specific energy needs.

Solar Energy System Heres How it Works — (Image Source: Shutterstock)

Let’s dig deeper to find out how solar panels can help you create energy for your home.

How Do Solar Energy Systems Work?

Sun is a natural source of tremendous energy. It releases small packets of energy known as photons, which travel millions of miles to reach the earth in a few minutes. The number of photons reaching our planet every hour is enough to satiate global energy needs to a good extent, provided we harness the abundance of energy sun using advanced solar energy systems.

A solar cell works by absorbing light from the sun and convert it into DC electricity. Multiple solar cells constitute a solar panel, and various panels when coupled together form a solar array. The energy then reaches a solar inverter, which converts it into AC electricity, which you can use to power most of the home appliances. A battery is yet another component of a solar energy system that is used to store the generated electricity for later use. The more panels you deploy, the more energy you can create as per your regular energy demands.

How to Calculate Solar Power Requirement?

Switching to solar energy systems is a significant decision that will affect the quality of life you live. You may only know about the benefits of solar power in saving the environment and money in the long run. However, it is also crucial for you to know about your power requirement before you make any decision.

The solar power requirement for your home may not be the same as that of your neighbor’s. It is because this depends on the electrical appliances you want to run via solar energy systems. In other words, the power requirement is the sum of power consumed by various appliances, be it electric fans, LED lights, TV or a computer.

Let’s understand more about calculating power requirement with this example –

You want to use a solar energy system that can run 7 electric fans and 7 LED bulbs with a power rating of 100 Watts and 10 Watts respectively for 3 hours. The power requirement can thus, be summarized as follows:

S. No.	Appliance	Power Rating (Watts)	Count	Load	Usage (in hours)	Total energy consumption (Watt Hours)
1	Fan	100	7	700	3	2100
2	LED Bulbs	10	7	70	3	210
Total Energy Consumption (in Watt Hours)						2310

UPS VA Rating = 1.67 x (Total Load) = 1.67 x (700 + 70) = 1285 VA apx.

For this specific power requirement, you need a solar energy system with a UPS VA rating equal to or higher than 1285 VA. One solar energy system that best fits such needs is Solar Off Grid Combo – 1500 VA from Luminous. This system comes with:

Home UPS / Inverter – Solar UPS NXG 1800 with rated AC power of 1500 VA
Solar battery – LPTT12150H with 150 Ah rated capacity
Polycrystalline solar panel – 325W / 12V

The right choice of a solar energy system should be based on your knowledge about how it works and power requirements. Make sure you buy the right system that fits best for your energy needs. Explore reliable brands like Luminous that offer a wide range of solar energy systems throughout the country.

Essay on Draupadi Murmu | 1 Minute Speech on Draupadi Murmu | Draupadi Murmu Short Essay, Speech, Article, Biography

India’s government is democratic. The citizens of this nation elect the country’s leaders. For the purpose of choosing new leaders, elections are held every five years. However, the populace has the power to cast another vote for the current leader. In comparable circumstances, the Indian president’s term of office is five years. The most recent presidential election in India took place in 2017. In 2022, five years after the previous election, a new one will be held. Draupadi Murmu is one of the contenders for this top position. You can get all the information you need about Draupadi Murmu right here.

Short and Long Draupadi Murmu Essay in English

10 Lines Short Essay on Draupadi Murmu President of India

Draupadi Murmu is the Indian politician and social activist.
She is an Orissan native who is from the Santhal community in the Baidaposi village of Mayurbhanj.
She was born at Biranchi Narayan Tudu’s home on Friday, June 20, 1958.
In 1997, she joined the BJP and began her political career as a councillor in Rairangpur, Orissa.
She worked for the BJP while in a number of high-profile posts.
She was Jharkhand’s 9th governor from 2015 to 2021.
Draupadi Murmu has a solid reputation and background in politics.
The first tribal woman from the East to hold such a high position is Draupadi Murmu.
The Legislative Assembly of Orissa also gave Draupadi Murmu the Nilkantha Award for being the finest MLA.
Her name is prominently displayed in the 2022 presidential election

Short Essay on Draupadi Murmu (200 – 250 Words)

Active tribal politician Draupadi Murmu hails from a distant area of Orissa. She was born in the Baidaposi village of Mayurbhanj on June 20, 1958. (Orissa). Biranchi Narayan Tudu, her father, served as the local chief. Draupadi Murmu had a difficult life because she was born into a tribal family in the Santhal group.

She entered politics in 1997 after working as an assistant teacher. She also held the position of Scheduled Tribes Morcha Vice-President for the BJP. She served thrice as a Rairangpur MLA before being chosen to serve as Jharkhand’s ninth governor from 2015 to 2021. The Orissa Legislative Assembly’s annual Nilkantha Award recognises Draupadi Murmu as the finest MLA. She endured a number of personal traumas, including the loss of her husband and later, two adult sons, yet she never wavered in her commitment to helping the community.

When Pranab Mukherjee was about to depart the Rashtrapati Bhavan a few years ago, Murmu was chosen as a potential successor. Draupadi has held a number of significant political posts during her career and is still looking for a new one. NDA has put her name up as a contender for the 2022 presidential election (National Democratic Alliance). She is anticipated to run against Yashwant Sinha in the election (All India Trinamool Congress). No tribal woman’s name has been put forth as a candidate for the presidency as of yet.

Long Essay on Draupadi Murmu (600 Words)

Introduction of Draupadi Murmu the 15^th President of India

The first tribal woman to be chosen as governor of Jharkhand is Draupadi Murmu. Murmu also holds the distinction of being the first governor of the Jharkhand state to serve a full five-year term. She is also the first Eastern leader to hold the position of officer. She would add another “first” to her resume if she is chosen to be the next president of India. Although she will be India’s first tribal president, she will be the country’s second female president.

Draupadi Murmu – Early Life

Draupadi Murmu was born on June 20, 1958, in the little hamlet of Baidaposi in Mayurbhanj, Orissa. Under Panchayati Raj, her father, Biranchi Narayan Tudu, and grandfather held the position of village headmen. She received her education from K.B. HS Uparbeda School in Mayurbhanj before completing her undergraduate studies at Rama Devi Women’s University in Bhubaneswar. She was wed to Shyam Charan Murmu, and they had three kids together (two sons and one daughter). Assistant instructor Draupadi Murmu worked at Shri Aurobindo Integral Education and Research in Rairangpur. After she lost her husband and two boys, she experienced sadness.

The Political Appearance of Draupadi Murmu

In 1927, Draupadi Murmu joined the Bhartiya Janta Party and began her political career (BJP). She was chosen to serve as a councillor at Rairangpur, Orissa, in the same year. She was also chosen to serve as the BJP’s Scheduled Tribes Morcha’s vice president. She held the position of Minister of Commerce and Transport from 6 March 2000 to 6 August 2002, and the position of Fisheries and Animal Resource Department from 6 August 2002 until 16 May 2004.

Draupadi Murmu was successful in winning the election while the BJP (Bhartiya Janata Party) and BJD (Biju Janata Dal) were united. She won two elections to serve as Rajrangpur’s MLA. The Legislative Assembly of Orissa also gave Draupadi Murmu the Nilkantha Award for being the finest MLA.

Facts about Draupadi Murmu

There are several unknown details regarding Draupadi Murmu’s private life. You may get to know her better thanks to this.

Murmu lost her spouse in 2014, her second son in 2013, and her first son in 2009.
She currently resides with her lone child, Itishree Murmu.
She gave her in-laws’ home to a school, where there are memorials for her husband and two boys as well.
Murmu declared in 2016 that she will give her eyeballs to Kashyap Memorial Eye Hospital in Ranchi once she passed away.
She was a department assistant in the irrigation department before to going into politics (Orissa).
In 1983, she left her government position to care for her children.
She was chosen to run for president in 2017, however she was unsuccessful.

Conclusion – Speech on Draupadi Murmu

Draupadi Murmu is a member of a tribal group, and she does admirable job for people. She gains respect and notoriety thanks to her modest political persona. She was chosen to serve India in several distinguished roles as a result of her outstanding work and down-to-earth personality. She said that she is thrilled and shocked to be picked for such a significant part in a presidential election interview.

I hope the essay about Draupadi Murmu above was useful in helping you comprehend many facets of her life.

1 Minute Speech on Draupadi Murmu